The Journey of Far-Right Icon to Anti-ICE Icon: The Unexpected Transformation of the Amphibian
This revolution won't be televised, but it could have webbed feet and protruding eyes.
Furthermore, it may involve the horn of a unicorn or the plumage of a chicken.
As demonstrations against the administration carry on in US cities, participants are adopting the spirit of a local block party. They have taught salsa lessons, distributed snacks, and performed on unicycles, while police watch.
Combining levity and political action – an approach experts call "tactical frivolity" – is not new. However, it has emerged as a defining feature of protests in the United States in recent years, embraced by both left and right.
And one symbol has risen to become notably significant – the frog. It started after recordings of a confrontation between a man in an amphibian costume and ICE agents in the city of Portland, went viral. From there, it proliferated to rallies throughout the United States.
"A great deal happening with that little inflatable frog," states an expert, a professor at UC Davis and an academic who focuses on creative activism.
The Path From Pepe to Portland
It's hard to discuss demonstrations and amphibians without talking about Pepe, a cartoon character co-opted by far-right groups throughout an election cycle.
Initially, when this image gained popularity online, it was used to express specific feelings. Afterwards, it was utilized to express backing for a political figure, including one notable meme retweeted by the candidate personally, showing the frog with recognizable attire and hairstyle.
The frog was also portrayed in certain internet forums in offensive ways, as a historical dictator. Users traded "unique frog images" and established cryptocurrency using its likeness. Its famous line, "feels good, man", was used a shared phrase.
However its beginnings were not so controversial.
Matt Furie, artist Matt Furie, has expressed about his unhappiness for how the image has been used. The character was intended as simply a relaxed amphibian in this artist's universe.
This character first appeared in comic strips in the mid-2000s – apolitical and famous for a quirky behavior. In a documentary, which chronicles Mr Furie's efforts to reclaim ownership of his creation, he explained the character came from his experiences with friends and roommates.
Early in his career, the artist tried sharing his art to the nascent social web, where other users began to copy, alter, and reinterpret his character. As its popularity grew into darker parts of the internet, the creator tried to disavow the frog, including ending its life in a final panel.
Yet the frog persisted.
"This demonstrates that creators cannot own imagery," says the professor. "They transform and be repurposed."
Previously, the notoriety of Pepe meant that amphibian imagery became a symbol for conservative politics. But that changed in early October, when a viral moment between a protestor wearing a blow-up amphibian suit and a federal agent in Portland, Oregon went viral.
The moment followed a decision to send military personnel to the city, which was called "war-ravaged". Activists began to congregate at a specific location, just outside of an ICE office.
Tensions were high and an immigration officer sprayed irritant at a protester, aiming directly into the ventilation of the puffy frog costume.
The individual, the man in the costume, reacted humorously, remarking he had tasted "something milder". Yet the footage went viral.
The frog suit was somewhat typical for Portland, famous for its quirky culture and activist demonstrations that revel in the ridiculous – outdoor exercise, 80s-style aerobics lessons, and nude cycling groups. A local saying is "Keep Portland Weird."
The frog even played a role in the ensuing legal battle between the federal government and the city, which argued the deployment overstepped authority.
While a judge decided that month that the president had the right to send personnel, a minority opinion disagreed, mentioning the protesters' "known tendency for donning inflatable costumes when expressing opposition."
"Some might view the majority's ruling, which adopts the government's characterization as a battlefield, as simply ridiculous," she opined. "However, this ruling goes beyond absurdity."
The deployment was halted by courts just a month later, and personnel withdrew from the city.
However, by that time, the frog had transformed into a significant anti-administration symbol for progressive movements.
This symbol appeared nationwide at anti-authoritarian protests last autumn. Frogs appeared – along with other creatures – in San Diego and Atlanta and Boston. They were in small towns and big international cities abroad.
This item was sold out on major websites, and saw its cost increase.
Mastering the Visual Story
What brings Pepe and the protest frog – lies in the relationship between the humorous, benign cartoon and underlying political significance. This is what "tactical frivolity."
The tactic relies on what the professor calls the "irresistible image" – usually humorous, it acts as a "appealing and non-threatening" performance that calls attention to your ideas without explicitly stating them. It's the silly outfit you wear, or the symbol circulated.
Mr Bogad is both an expert on this topic and an experienced participant. He's written a text called 'Tactical Performance', and taught workshops around the world.
"One can look back to historical periods – when people are dominated, absurd humor is used to express dissent indirectly and while maintaining a layer of protection."
The idea of such tactics is multi-faceted, he says.
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